Research Provenance — Logically Inconclusive Reasoning & Abstention · All Human-Generated (Authored)
Author: Sushma Anand Akoju · sushmaanandakoju.github.io · CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
This page documents the provenance and timeline of the original research idea behind the Logically Inconclusive Knowledge Bases (logically-inconclusive-kbs) project. All timestamps are verifiable through linked artifacts. The research idea was fully formulated by the author and any AI tool was consulted only with human-generated KB as input (links included) and google docs link for version history also included. AI tools were used subsequently as verifying/evaluation of example fully generated by human and exploration aids only — not as ideation sources.
The core idea was developed during a continuous solo working session from March 31, 2025 at 11:51 PM through April 1, 2025 at 2:43 AM. No AI tools were used during this session and no other humans were present or consulted — university professors and faculty do not work at these hours, confirming this was entirely independent, self-directed work. This research was developed as a project proposal and course project during CS 830 at the University of New Hampshire, Spring 2025 — the same course in which approved ADA accommodations for the author's documented hand injury were denied February 20 – April 1, 2025. The work represents the author's independent intellectual contribution despite these adverse conditions.
Research Idea — Formulation Timeline · All Human-Generated (Authored)
May 7, 2025 · 5+ weeks after ideation
First ChatGPT Access — Post-Ideation Only · Idea Was Human-Generated
The author's first ChatGPT conversation related to this research was on May 7, 2025 — over five weeks after the original idea was formulated and documented. This further establishes that large language model tools were used for exploration and refinement only, not for ideation.
April 1, 2025 — 1:22 AM · 36 minutes after idea was complete
First Claude.ai Access — 36 Minutes After Human-Generated Idea Was Complete
The author accessed Claude.ai for the first time at 1:22 AM — 36 minutes after the Bat KB idea was fully documented, and still within the same solo working session. The shared conversation shows the author providing inputs about the already-formulated Bat KB example to Claude. This confirms that Claude was used as an exploration and writing aid on a pre-existing idea — not as the source of the idea. The author had never accessed Claude Console or claude.ai before this date for generating the idea. More documentation is available for verifying across all AI systems, google document version history and more.
Bat KB Example Grounded — Human-Generated (Authored) · Fully Documented
Continuing the same solo session (11:51 PM – 2:43 AM), the Bat KB example was fully grounded with a concrete logical structure and documented in Google Docs. The idea — that AI systems should abstain from answering when inputs are logically inconclusive rather than fabricating confident outputs — was complete and recorded in writing before any AI tool was consulted for evaluation/verification of manually-refined-prompts. Version history in the linked Google Document confirms this timestamp. No AI tools were used and no other humans were present.
Bat Knowledge Base — Original Idea Formulated · Human-Generated (Authored)
The core research idea for logically inconclusive reasoning was independently formulated by the author at 11:51 PM, beginning a continuous solo working session that ran through 2:43 AM. No AI tools were used and no other humans were present or consulted. The Bat Knowledge Base (Bat KB) example — a canonical test case for logically inconclusive inputs that are neither provably true nor provably false — was conceived entirely from the author's prior work on natural language inference, logical reasoning, and independent study spanning 2021–2025. This was developed as a project proposal for CS 830 at UNH, Spring 2025.
Human-generated ideaNo AI tools usedNo other humans present
Google Document Version History — Exact Timestamps Available
The Google Document linked in the timeline above contains a complete, unaltered version history with exact timestamps for every edit. This history is available upon request and can be independently verified. The version history confirms the sequence of authorship: the core idea, KB structure, and formulation were all recorded before any AI tool was accessed.
Verification Across All AI Systems
At the time this idea was generated, the author had access to only two AI tools: GPT (ChatGPT) and Claude Console / Claude.ai. Conversation logs for both platforms are available and can be verified through their respective shared-link systems. These logs confirm:
No AI-generated content exists in the original KB formulation.
AI tools were first accessed only after the idea was fully documented.
All inputs provided to AI tools were human-generated KB examples authored by Sushma Anand Akoju.
The author is willing to supply all documentation in forensically verified form upon request.
MOVE Fellowship Evaluation, Confirmation of IP, University's confirmation — Pre-Existing IP Confirmed
During the MOVE fellowship evaluation, this Knowledge Base was submitted as input. The MOVE fellowship confirmed that pre-existing Intellectual Property remains with the original author. It was also confirmed that the student holds the right to her authorship and that the university does not hold rights to this work. This work is therefore fully human-generated and the sole intellectual property of Sushma Anand Akoju.
Provenance Statement
The research idea underlying this repository — logically inconclusive reasoning and AI abstention — was independently Human-Generated and documented by Sushma Anand Akoju during a solo working session on March 31–April 1, 2025 (11:51 PM – 2:43 AM).
The idea builds on the author's prior work in natural language inference, neurosymbolic reasoning, and formal logic spanning 2021–2025 across multiple institutions. The Bat Knowledge Base example was formulated as a canonical test case for logical inconclusiveness — a situation in which a knowledge base contains neither sufficient information to prove nor disprove a hypothesis, and where an AI system should abstain rather than fabricate a confident answer.
This work was developed as a project proposal and course project for CS 830 at the University of New Hampshire, Spring 2025 — the same course in which approved ADA accommodations for the author's documented hand injury were denied (February 20 – April 1, 2025). The independent development of this research during adverse conditions directly contradicts any characterization of no academic progress.
AI tools (Claude.ai, ChatGPT) were first accessed after the idea was complete and documented, and were used solely as evaluation of the KB for inconclusiveness detection, exploration, and verifying manually-refined-prompts. All handwritten notes, logical structures, and core formulations are the sole intellectual property of the author.