Research Provenance — Logically Inconclusive Reasoning

This page documents the provenance and timeline of the original research idea behind the Logically Inconclusive Knowledge Bases (logically-inconclusive-kbs) project. All timestamps are verifiable through linked artifacts. The research idea was fully formulated by the author and any AI tool was consulted only with human-generated KB as input (links included) and google docs link for version history also included. AI tools were used subsequently as verifying/evaluation of example fully generated by human and exploration aids only — not as ideation sources.

The core idea was developed during a continuous solo working session from March 31, 2025 at 11:51 PM through April 1, 2025 at 2:43 AM. No AI tools were used during this session and no other humans were present or consulted — university professors and faculty do not work at these hours, confirming this was entirely independent, self-directed work. This research was developed as a project proposal and course project during CS 830 at the University of New Hampshire, Spring 2025 — the same course in which approved ADA accommodations for the author's documented hand injury were denied February 20 – April 1, 2025. The work represents the author's independent intellectual contribution despite these adverse conditions.

The core idea was developed during a continuous solo working session from March 31, 2025 at 11:51 PM through April 1, 2025 at 2:43 AM. No AI tools were used during this session and no other humans were present or consulted — university professors and faculty do not work at these hours, confirming this was entirely independent, self-directed work. This research was developed as a project proposal and course project during CS 830 at the University of New Hampshire, Spring 2025 — the same course in which approved ADA accommodations for the author's documented hand injury were denied February 20 – April 1, 2025. The work represents the author's independent intellectual contribution despite these adverse conditions.

Related Works

2025–Present

Representational Alignment Research Wiki

Human-generated notes and teaching materials on representational alignment, developed from the author's handwritten notes.

Research Wiki ↗

2025–2026

Finding Consensus from AI Alignment Studies: A Short Survey

Accepted at AAAI 2026 Bridge Program (Logical and Symbolic Reasoning in Language Models) and at the 7th International Conference on the Mathematics of Neuroscience and AI (Rome, June 2026). This work directly builds on the logically inconclusive reasoning framework.

DeSci Preprint ↗ AAAI 2026 Submission ↗

Research Idea — Formulation Timeline · All Human-Generated (Authored)

May 7, 2025 · 5+ weeks after ideation

First ChatGPT Access — Post-Ideation Only · Idea Was Human-Generated

The author's first ChatGPT conversation related to this research was on May 7, 2025 — over five weeks after the original idea was formulated and documented. This further establishes that large language model tools were used for exploration and refinement only, not for ideation.

First ChatGPT access — post-ideation Verifiable via shared link ChatGPT Shared Conversation ↗

April 1, 2025 — 1:22 AM · 36 minutes after idea was complete

First Claude.ai Access — 36 Minutes After Human-Generated Idea Was Complete

The author accessed Claude.ai for the first time at 1:22 AM — 36 minutes after the Bat KB idea was fully documented, and still within the same solo working session. The shared conversation shows the author providing inputs about the already-formulated Bat KB example to Claude. This confirms that Claude was used as an exploration and writing aid on a pre-existing idea — not as the source of the idea. The author had never accessed Claude Console or claude.ai before this date for generating the idea. More documentation is available for verifying across all AI systems, google document version history and more.

First AI access — post-ideation Verifiable via shared link Idea already complete before access Claude.ai Shared Conversation ↗

April 1, 2025 — 12:46 AM

Bat KB Example Grounded — Human-Generated (Authored) · Fully Documented

Continuing the same solo session (11:51 PM – 2:43 AM), the Bat KB example was fully grounded with a concrete logical structure and documented in Google Docs. The idea — that AI systems should abstain from answering when inputs are logically inconclusive rather than fabricating confident outputs — was complete and recorded in writing before any AI tool was consulted for evaluation/verification of manually-refined-prompts. Version history in the linked Google Document confirms this timestamp. No AI tools were used and no other humans were present.

Human-generated Timestamped in Google Docs Solo session — 11:51 PM to 2:43 AM Google Doc — Version History ↗

March 31, 2025 — 11:51 PM

Bat Knowledge Base — Original Idea Formulated · Human-Generated (Authored)

The core research idea for logically inconclusive reasoning was independently formulated by the author at 11:51 PM, beginning a continuous solo working session that ran through 2:43 AM. No AI tools were used and no other humans were present or consulted. The Bat Knowledge Base (Bat KB) example — a canonical test case for logically inconclusive inputs that are neither provably true nor provably false — was conceived entirely from the author's prior work on natural language inference, logical reasoning, and independent study spanning 2021–2025. This was developed as a project proposal for CS 830 at UNH, Spring 2025.

Human-generated idea No AI tools used No other humans present

Provenance Statement

The research idea underlying this repository — logically inconclusive reasoning and AI abstention — was independently conceived and documented by Sushma Anand Akoju during a solo working session on March 31–April 1, 2025 (11:51 PM – 2:43 AM).

The idea builds on the author's prior work in natural language inference, neurosymbolic reasoning, and formal logic spanning 2021–2025 across multiple institutions. The Bat Knowledge Base example was formulated as a canonical test case for logical inconclusiveness — a situation in which a knowledge base contains neither sufficient information to prove nor disprove a hypothesis, and where an AI system should abstain rather than fabricate a confident answer.

This work was developed as a project proposal and course project for CS 830 at the University of New Hampshire, Spring 2025 — the same course in which approved ADA accommodations for the author's documented hand injury were denied (February 20 – April 1, 2025). The independent development of this research during adverse conditions directly contradicts any characterization of no academic progress.

AI tools (Claude.ai, ChatGPT) were first accessed after the idea was complete and documented, and were used solely as evaluation of the KB for inconclusiveness detection, exploration, and verifying manually-refined-prompts. All handwritten notes, logical structures, and core formulations are the sole intellectual property of the author.

For IP verification: sushma.ananda13@gmail.com